![]() While taking only the first term of the series expansion as the vdW potential and modeling the exchange potential with an inverse power term, one obtains the famous Lennard–Jones (L-J) potential. From perturbation theory, the vdW potential is found to be a series expansion: − ∑ n ≥ 3 ∞ f 2 n R C 2 n 2 R − 2 n (where R is the distance) that should be terminated at different terms for different materials to achieve a certain accuracy. This characteristic of interlayer vdW interactions has enabled many fascinating properties and novel physical phenomena, such as flat-band and van-Hove singularities. The interlayer vdW interaction is far weaker than ionic bonding but strong enough to hold layers together and enable a certain degree of electronic coupling at the interface. The latter takes advantage of comparatively weak interlayer van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials continues to grow due to their promising properties and the ability to arbitrarily integrate themselves.
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